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Paper II. Sec. C, 3.7 Initiation from British politics by the then PM John Major (22 July 1991). Here, public office publishes their services, their description, and their cost, time and officials responsible. In Nepali, Public Service Charter is called नागरिक बडापत्र. Objectives to let the public know about the services making it public friendly, and easy delivery of the services for right to information, communication, accountability and transparency, for developing the trust of public service provider in the public, to shorten the work duration to the public, for promoting good governance, Principles Public Interest Maintaining Standards Information Accountability Courtesy and Helpfulness Neutrality Quality Of Service Non-discrimination Affordability 1.  link   2. link In Nepal Citizen Charter introduced in Nepal 2056 BS, implementation in 2061 BS. Good Governance Act 2064 BS Right to information Act 2064 BS Citizen Charter with Compensation Manag

BIMSTEC: Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation (c. 2018), also referred to as mini SAARC. Members: Bangladesh Bhutan India Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand 6 June 1997 (first name: BIST-EC) Nepal and Bhutan: Feb 2004 31 July 2004 name changed to BIMSTEC Headquarter: Dhaka, opened by 13 Sept 2014 Objective: technological and economic cooperation among south Asian and southeast Asian countries along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. (14 sectors) Trade & Investment Transport & Communication Energy Tourism Technology Fisheries Agriculture Public Health Poverty Alleviation Counter-Terrorism & Transnational Crime Environment & Disaster Management People-to-People Contact Cultural Cooperation Climate Change Chairmanship:  Nepal (2014 - till date) Summit  31 July 2004 (Thailand) 13 Nov 2008 (India) 4 March 2014 (Myanmar)

established on 24th October, 1945 AD. 193 countries, newest South Sudan forerunner of UN: League of Nations (1919) under the Treaty of Versailles, also ILO activities of UN: maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, sustainable development, humanitarian aid, upholding international law             Main Organs:  General Assembly 193 members Security Council Five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States) 10 non permanent members (cannot vote, elected for two years by General Assembly) Nepal was elected as a non-permanent membership for 2 times,1969-70 and 1988-89 AD. UN Secretariat headed by the secretary-general, secretary-general acts as the   spokesperson International Court of Justice composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms Economic and Social Council 54 members, which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. Specialized agencies Organ

मैले लगाएको हरियो  बलाउजमाथी म लगाएर रातो सारी, मैले लगाएको हात भरीका चुरा, अनुहारमा केही सुन्दरता  लिएर, तिमीलाई सधैँ देखेर मैले  सजाएको, मन भरिको प्रेम! तिम्रै निम्ति त हो । बडा रहर गरेर, र पनि बडो रकम जोरेर, तिमीले  किनिदिएको  सुनको सिक्री! हातका यी औँठीसँग, तिमीले अर्थ्याएको प्रेम! मरो मन भरिको प्रेम! तिम्रै निम्ति त हो । बाकसमाथि सजाएको! तिम्रो र मेरो बिहेको फोटो, अझै कति सुन्दर बनेर, जिवित छ! अनि, तिमीले नै फेसबुकमा अपलोड गरेको, तिम्रो र मेरो फोटोमा, हामी कति अझै मुस्कुराउँदैँ छौँ!  है! र, पनि मुस्कानमा  कति मिठ्ठो! मेरै निम्ति त हो । तिम्रो छातीमा ढल्काएर, जब म मेरो शिरले, तिमीसँगको बसको यात्रा जिन्दगीको यात्रा झैँ कल्पिऊँ झै लाग्छ । मलाई सबैभन्दा प्रिय  मान्छे तिमी मात्र हौ भनेर, भनिरहूँ झैँ लाग्छ । साँच्चिकै... यो कथा! तिम्रो र मेरै त हो । जब हेरिकन हाँसू झै गर्छौ र फेरी  रिसाए झैँ शिर  म भन्दा पर भगाउँछौँ, तिमी सुन्दर! अझै सुन्दर  भएर आउँछौँ! तिमी कुनै राजकुमार भन्दा कम छैनौ! मलाई तिम्रो उचाई, सधैँ झैँ उच्च लाग्

Nepal is rich in water resources with over 6000 rivers. The three major rivers of Nepal are Koshi, Karnali, and Gandaki. Rivers of Nepal can be classified into 3 categories on the basis of their of origination and their flow and usages. 1. First Level Rivers: They originate from snow capped mountains or Himalayas. Suitable for hydroelectricity projects and irrigation projects, they flow with tremendous amount of water capacity. Rivers such as Saptakoshi, Saptagandaki, and Karnali are the first level rivers. 2. Second Level Rivers: They originate from Mahabharat ranges ans have large volume of water during monsoon. Rivers such as Mechi, Kankai, Troyuga, Kamala, Baagmati, Bangana, Tinau, Rapti, Babai, Mohan are included in second level rivers. 3. Third Level Rivers: They originate from Shiwalik mountain range and can dry up during dry season. Rivers such as  Sirsiya, Tilabe, Jamuni, Hardinath, Duduwa, Arjun Khola are included in the third level rivers. Name of th

Paper II, Sec: A 1.5 The preamble of Constitution of Nepal, 2015, which came into effect from September 20. 2015, has clearly mentioned governance system in Nepal to be federal, democratic, republican, system of governance.  Article 4 defines Nepal as an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive, democratic, socialism-oriented, federal democratic republican state . To understand the current governance system in Nepal. features of Constitution of Nepal should be studied. The country Nepal has now been restructured into a federal republic dividing the country into 7 provinces (Schedule 4). The country has now become an republican country and now into federal system of government. The federal system works in three levels: Federation, State and Local level (Schedule 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 lists the powers of federal, state and local levels). Bicameral parliamentary system with two federal houses has been created. In each province unicameral parliament system has been created. Di

Paper II, Sec: A 1.1 Cambridge dictionary defines governance as: the way that organizations or countries are managed at the highest level, and the systems for doing this Oxford Learners Dictionaries  has defined governance as: the activity of governing a country or controlling a company or an organization; the way in which a country is governed or a company or institution is controlled Governance (Greek kubernaein [kubernáo], meaning to steer) can be defined as the exercise of the authoritative power over a system or the people through previously prepared laws and conditions. Governance exist in and between formal governing bodies (national and international) which can cause interaction, influence, collaboration and redesign of the established norms and procedures. Although governance and government are interchangeably used, governance is a much broader term while government is only the institution of the governance. Government overviews the process ongoing within the state